Table 1
The Index of Social Progress, (ISP2000, WISP2000)
(N= 10 Subindexes, 40 Indicators) |
| Indicators Grouped by WISP |
Indicator Definition |
Data Source(s) |
| EDUCATION SUBINDEX (N=3) |
| Adult Literacy Rate, 2000 (+) |
The percentage of people aged 15 and above who can, with understanding,
both read and write a short, simple statement on their everyday life (UNDP,
2002a: 266). |
UNDP (2002a), Table 10. |
| Primary School Completion Rate, 1992-2000 (+) |
The total number of students successfully completing (or graduating from)
the last year of primary school in a given year, divided by the total number
of children of official graduate age in the population (World Bank, 2002b:
97). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.13. |
| Average Years of Schooling, 2000 (+) |
The years of formal schooling received, on average, by adults ages 15
and over (World Bank, 2002b: 97). [Note: Because of data limitations it
is was not possible to adjust the numbers reported for students who dropped
out during the final year of school. Thus, proxy rates should be taken as
an upper-bound estimate of the likely actual primary completion rate]. |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.13. |
| HEALTH STATUS SUBINDEX (N=7) |
| Life Expectation at Birth 1, 2000 (+) |
The number of years a newborn would live if prevailing patterns of mortality
at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life (World
Bank, 2002b: 125). |
World Bank (2002b), Tables 1.6 & 2.20. |
| Infant Mortality Rate, 2000 (-) |
The number of infants dying before reaching the age of one year, per 1000
live births in a given year (World Bank, 2002b: 125). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.20. |
| Under-Five Child Mortality Rate, 2000 (-) |
The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five,
if subject to current age-specific mortality rates (World Bank, 2002b: 125). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.20; UNDP (2002a), Table 8. |
| Physician Per 100,000 Population, 1990-99 (+) |
Physicians are defined as graduates of any faculty or school of medicine
who are working in the country in any medical field, i.e., practice, teaching,
research (World Bank, 2002b: 105). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.15; UNDP (2002a), Table 6. |
| Percent of Children Immunized Against DPT at Age 1, 1999
(+) |
The percentage of children fully immunized against diphtheria, pertussis
(whoop-ing cough) and tetanus (DPT) by age one year. |
UNICEF (2002), Table 3. |
| Percentage of Population Using Proved Water Sources, 2000
(+) |
The proportion of the population using any of the following types of water
supply for drinking: piped water, a public tap, a borehole with a pump,
a protected well, a protected spring or rainwater (UNDP, 2002a: 268). |
UNDP (2002a), Table 6; UNDP (2002b), Table 8. |
| Percent of Population Undernourished, 1996-98 (-) |
Food intake that is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements continuously
(UNFAO, 2002: 4). |
UNFAO (2002), Table 1. |
| WOMEN STATUS SUBINDEX (N=5) |
| Female Adult Literacy as % of Males, 2000 (+) |
The percentage of women aged 15 and over who can read and write relative
to that of men in the same age cohort (UNICEF, 2002). |
UNICEF (2002), Table 7; UNDP (2002a), Table 24. |
| Contraceptive Prevalence Among Married Women, 1990-2000 (+) |
The percentage of married women ages 15-49 who are practicing, or whose
sexual partners are practicing, any form of contraception (World Bank, 2002b:
113). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.17; UNDP (2002a), Table 6; UNICEF
(2002), Ta-ble 7. |
| Maternal Mortality Ratio, 1990-98 (-) |
The number of women who die during pregnancy and childbirth, per 100,000
live births (World Bank, 2002b: 113). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.17; UNDP (2002a), Table 8; UNDP
(2002b), Table 7. |
| Female Secondary School Enrollment as % of Males, 1995-97
(+) |
The number of girls enrolled in a secondary school, regardless of age,
divided by the population of girls at the age group that officially corresponds
to secondary schooling level compared with that of males in the same age
cohort (ala UNICEF 2002). |
UNICEF (2002), Table 7; UNDP (2002a), Table 24. |
| Seats in Parliament Held By Women as Percent of Total, 1991-2000
(+) |
Refers to seats held by women in a lower or single house or an upper house
or senate, where relevant (UNDP, 2002a: 267). |
UNDP (2002a), Table 23. |
| DEFENSE EFFORT SUBINDEX (N=1) |
| Military Expenditures as % of GDP, 2000 (-) |
All expenditures of the defense ministry and other ministries on recruiting
and training military personnel as well as on construction and purchase
of military supplies and equipment. Military assistance is included in the
expenditures of the donor country (UNDP, 2002a: 266). |
UNDP (2002a), Table 17; CIA, 2001. |
| ECONOMIC SUBINDEX (N=5) |
| Per Capita Gross National Income (as meas-ured by PPP), 2000
(+) |
Gross national income converted to international dollars using purchasing
power parity rates (PPP) divided by mid year population estimates (World
Bank, 2002b: 21). [Note: PPP refers to a rate of exchange that accounts
for price differences across countries, allowing international comparisons
of real output and incomes. At the PPP US$ rate, PPP US$1 has the same purchasing
power in the domestic economy as $1 has in the United States]. 12; UNDP
(2002b), Table 37. |
World Bank (2002b), Tables 1.1 & 1.6; UNDP (2002a), Table |
| Percent Growth in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 1999-2000
(+) |
The sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes
(less sub-sidies) not included in the valuation of the output. Growth is
calculated from con-stant price GDP data in local currency (World Bank,
2002b: 21). |
World Bank (2002b), Tables 1.1 & 1.6; CIA, 2001; UNDP
(2002a), Table 12. |
| Unemployment Rate, 1998-2000 (-) |
The share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking
employ-ment (World Bank, 2002b: 63). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.4; UNDP (2002a), Table 18. |
| Total External Debt Service As Percentage of Exports of Goods
and Services, 2000 (-) |
The sum of principal repayments and interest actually paid in foreign
currency, goods, or services on long-term debt, interest paid on short-term
debt, and repay-ments (repurchases and charges) to the International Monetary
Fund as a percent-age of all exported goods and services (World Bank, 2002b:
271). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 4.17; UNDP (2002a), Table 16. |
| GINI Index Score, varied (-) |
The GINI Index measures the extent to which the distribution of income
(or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households
within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A GINI Index
of “0” repre-sents perfect equality, while an index of “100”
implies perfect inequality (World Bank, 2002b: 77). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.8. |
| DEMOGRAPHY SUBINDEX (N=3) |
| Average Annual Population Growth Rate, 1990-2000 (-) |
Reflects the exponential change in country population size for each year
of the period shown (World Bank, 2002b: 51). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.1; UNICEF (2002), Table 5. |
| Percent of Population Aged 14 Years and Younger, 2000 (-)
|
The ratio of persons 14 years of age and younger to the working age population
between the ages of 15 and 64 years (World Bank, 2002b: 51). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.1; UNDP (2002a), Table 5; CIA,
2001. |
| Percent of Population Aged 65 Years and Older, 2000 (+) |
The ratio of persons 65 years of age and older to the working age population
be-tween the ages of 15 and 64 years (World Bank, 2002b: 51). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 2.1; UNDP (2002a), Table 5; CIA,
2001. |
| ENVIRONMENTAL SUBINDEX (N=3) |
| Nationally Protected Areas, 1999 (+) |
Refers to totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares
that are des-ignated as national parks, natural monuments, nature reserves,
wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes and seascapes, or scientific
reserves with limited public access. The indicator is calculated as a percentage
of total area. For small coun-tries whose protected areas may be smaller
than 1,000 hectares, this limit will re-sult in an underestimate of the
extent and number of protected areas. The data do not include sites protected
under local or provincial law (World Bank, 2001:323). |
World Bank (2001), Table 9; Asian Development Bank (2002),
Table 9. |
| Average Annual Disaster-Related Deaths Per Million Population,
1990-2000 (-) |
Disasters refer to situations or events that overwhelm local capacity
and necessi-tate a request to national or international level for external
assistance. The deaths reflected on this indicator are associated only with
disasters in which at least 10 people either were confirmed to have died
or went missing and were presumed to have died in the disastrous event. |
IFRC (2002), Table 13. |
| Per Capita Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1998
(-) |
Per capita metric tons of anthropogenic (human-originated) carbon dioxide
emis-sions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and the production
of cement. Emissions are calculated from data on the consumption of solid,
liquid and gase-ous fuels and gas flaring (UNDP, 2002a: 262). |
World Bank (2002b), Table 3.8; UNDP (2002a), Table 19. |
| SOCIAL CHAOS SUBINDEX (N=5) |
| Strength of Political Rights, 2000 (+) |
Refers to the extent to which people are able to participate freely in
the political processes of their society, i.e., in the systems by which
the polity chooses the au-thoritative policy makers and attempts to make
binding decisions affecting the national, regional or local community. A
score of “1” on the Political Rights In-dex represents the most
free societies and “7” those that are least free (Freedom House,
1997). |
Freedom House (2002). |
| Strength of Civil Liberties, 2000 (+) |
Refers to the extent to which people are able to develop views, institutions
and personal autonomy apart from the state. A score of “1” on
the Civil Liberties In-dex represents the most free societies and “7”
those that are least free (Freedom House, 1997). |
Freedom House (2002). |
| Total Deaths in Major Armed Conflicts Since Inception, 2000
(-) |
Number of persons reported to have been killed in major armed conflicts
since the year government forces joined the conflict and 2000. Owing to
the secretive na-ture of war and other armed conflicts, the data reported
on this indicator reflect estimates only and are believed to substantially
under-count the number of per-sons to have perished in major armed conflicts
(Sollenberg & Wallensteen, 2001). |
Sollenberg & Wallen-steen (2001) 57-64. |
| Number of Externally Displaced Persons Per 100,000 Population,
1999 (-) |
The number of nationals of a country who have crossed international borders
and--in accordance with the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention or the
1969 OAU Refugee Convention and the UNHCR Statute--are granted international
hu-manitarian status. Refugees include persons who have been granted temporary
protection by the UNHCR (UNHCR, 2000: 309). |
UNHCR (2000), An-nex 6; UNDP (2002a), Table 20. |
| Perceived Corruption Index, 2000 (-) |
First launched in 1995, the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is a poll
of polls. Scores reported on this indicator were drawn from 14 surveys undertaken
by seven independent institutions. The surveys reflect the perceptions of
business people, academics and country analysts and were undertaken during
the most re-cent three year period. CPI scores range from “10”
(highly clean) to “0” (highly corrupt) [TI, 2001: 7]. |
Transparency International (2001), pp. 234-236. |
| CULTURAL DIVERSITY SUBINDEX (N=3) |
| Largest Percentage of Population Sharing the Same or Similar
Racial/Ethnic Origins, 2000 (+) |
Indicates the largest proportion of the population that share the same
or similar ethnic or racial group origins as measured by racial and/or ethnic
group stock, tribal affiliations, cultural traditions, and the like. |
Famighetti (2001); CIA (2001). |
| Largest Percentage of Population Sharing the Same or Similar
Religious Beliefs, 2000 (+) |
Indicates the largest proportion of the population that share
the same or similar religious beliefs. |
Famighetti (2001); CIA (2001). |
| Largest Share of Population Sharing the Same Mother Tongue,
2000 (+) |
Indicates the largest proportion of the population that speak the same
mother tongue. |
Famighetti (2001); CIA (2001). |
| WELFARE EFFORT SUBINDEX (N=5) |
| Age First National Law—Old Age, Invalidity & Death,
1999 (+) |
Indicates the year in which the central government assumed at least limited
re-sponsibility for reducing of income loss to workers associated with old
age, dis-ability or premature death. Typically, social protection of this
type takes the form of compulsory social insurance or provident funds that
are administered centrally but financed through contributions from workers,
employers, the state, or all three (USDHHS, 1984). |
USDHHS (1999). |
| Age First National Law—Sickness & Maternity, 1999
(+) |
Indicates the year in which the central government assumed at least limited
re-sponsibility for reducing income loss to workers resulting from sickness,
pregnancy, and non-work related injuries. Typically, social protection of
this type takes the form of compulsory social insurance trust funds that
are administered centrally but financed through contributions from workers,
employers, the state, or all three (USDHHS, 1984). |
USDHHS (1999). |
| Age First National Law—Work Injury, 1999 (+) |
Indicates the year in which the central government assumed at least limited
re-sponsibility for reducing income loss to workers associated work or work-related
injuries and accidents. Typically, social protection of this type takes
the form of compulsory social insurance trust funds that are administered
either centrally or locally, or both, but financed through contributions
from workers, employers, the state, or all three (USDHHS, 1984). |
USDHHS (1999). |
| Age First National Law—Unemployment, 1999 (+) |
Indicates the year in which the central government assumed at least limited
re-sponsibility for reducing income loss to workers associated involuntary
job loss. Typically, social protection of this type takes the form of compulsory
social insurance trust funds that are administered either centrally or locally,
or both, but fi-nanced through contributions from workers, employers, the
state, or all three (USDHHS, 1984). |
USDHHS (1999). |
| Age First National Law—Family Allowance, 1999 (+) |
Indicates the year in which the central government assumed at least limited
re-sponsibility for increasing income to households with age-dependent children
and youth. Typically, social protection of this type is universal in nature
and is fi-nanced through general tax revenues (USDHHS, 1984). |
USDHHS (1999).
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