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bernanke on the euro chaos
an interesting discussion of ‘liquidity traps’
travel by train, but not in britain


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bernanke on the euro chaos

21st March 2012

“Although progress has been made, more needs to be done. Full resolution of the crisis will require a further strengthening of the European banking system; a significant expansion of financial backstops, or "firewalls," to guard against contagion in sovereign debt markets; and, critically, continued efforts to increase economic growth and competitiveness and to reduce external imbalances in the troubled countries.

“Actions Taken by the Federal Reserve
The Federal Reserve has followed developments in Europe closely, and we are in frequent contact with key European policymakers. We are particularly focused on protecting U.S. financial institutions, businesses, and consumers from adverse financial and economic developments in Europe.”

In English, don’t lend to PIIGS.

"As part of this exercise, bank capital positions were evaluated under a hypothetical stress scenario that involved a deep recession in the United States (with unemployment reaching 13 percent) and a notable decline in activity abroad, combined with sharp decreases in both domestic and global asset prices. This exercise was designed to capture both the direct and indirect exposures and vulnerabilities of U.S. financial institutions to the economic and financial stresses that might arise from a severe crisis in Europe. The results show that a significant majority of the largest U.S. banks would continue to meet supervisory expectations for capital adequacy despite large projected losses in an extremely adverse hypothetical scenario.”

In English, US bank stress tests are much stronger than those in the EUSSR.

“Third and finally, leaders of most of the members of the European Union have approved a new fiscal compact treaty that strengthens fiscal rules and their enforcement. This treaty represents a positive step toward resolving the fundamental tension inherent in having a monetary union without a fiscal union, and thus should help bolster the viability of the euro-area economy in the longer term.”

In English, the EU is removing powers from previously sovereign nations.

end note

  1. PIIGS
    The countries in the European Union with weak economies: Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece and Spain.

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an interesting discussion of ‘liquidity traps’

Be sure scan through the various comments.

“...In 1940, Dennis Robertson, one of Keynes’ intellectual antagonists, invented the soubriquet ‘the liquidity trap’ to describe this unfortunate state of affairs.

“The catchy phrase has subsequently appeared countless times in textbooks. However, few people now read The General Theory with the care and attention that it demands, and the original meaning of the liquidity trap has been diluted almost to vanishing point. The phrase has come to be applied to any situation in which, in some sense or other, ‘monetary policy does not work’. For example, Paul Krugman, has asserted in several articles in his New York Times column – as on 14th December last year – that the world’s leading economies are in ‘a classic liquidity trap’.

“According to that column, a classic liquidity trap occurs when ‘a zero short-term interest rate isn’t low enough to restore full employment’. Krugman – who won the Nobel economics prize in 2008 – is widely regarded as the USA’s most articulate and effective spokesman for Keynesian ideas. For those uninitiated in macro-economic theory his words are taken as gospel. However, the trap called ‘classic’ by Krugman is no such thing.”

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the web address for this article is
http://www.abelard.org/news/economics022012.php#liquidity_traps_090312

travel by train, but not in britain

Britain: the most expensive, least comfortable and least efficient railways in Europe.

Train season ticket prices
England Woking > London 22 miles £3,268
France Ballancourt sur Essone > Paris 24 miles £924
Germany Strausberg > Berlin 21 miles £705
Spain Collado-Villalba > Madrid 22 miles £673
Italy Velletri- > Rome 22 miles £336

Marker at abelard.org

“A couple of years ago, I needed to travel on short notice from Barcelona to Alicante on the 31st December for a NYE party. All flights were fully booked so I headed to the train station dreading how expensive the ticket will be (by UK standards). When I arrived there, I was advised that only first class seats were still available!

“ I decided to take one without asking for the price not to get a heart attack. I was astonished and amazed when the cashier asked for 84 € for the 6.5 hours journey! That included food and drinks throughout the trip. I had a sandwich lunch, a glass of champagne, 3 beers and 2 short glasses of Shivaz whisky. I enjoyed the trip more than the NYE party especially as this route is a coastal one.

“OK, now imagine if this was a London to Edinburgh trip under the same circumstances The 1K mark would have easily been reached!” [From a correspondent]

Incredible!

I noted this in the linked article:

“The report, which was commissioned by Bob Crow, leader of the Rail Maritime and Transport union...”

It’s a shame the report didn’t include union wages and manning levels!

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Bernanke,Federal Bank,bank lending,John Maynard Keynes,Tim Congdon,Paul Krugman,Britsh Rail,SNCF,PFI,private financial initiative,PPP,public private partnership,quantative easing,European Central Bank,Target Scheme,Hongkong and Singapore Bank Corporation,misselling,five year bond,

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