information tablesa briefing document |
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Table of wealth distribution and food securityThis table illustrates wealth differences between countries and within countries. It also shows shows the ability of those countries to feed themselves. |
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wealth distribution and food security data |
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country | Gini value |
GDP per capita (PPP) | population density (per sq km) |
population (in millions) |
land area | percentage agriculturally useful land |
pop. density per sq km ag. land | |
Brazil | 59.1 | $7,400 | 21 | 176 | 8,511,965 sq km 3,277,284 sq m |
6% | 345 | |
Chile | 57.5 | $10,000 | 20 | 15 | 756,950 sq km 291,442 sq m |
3% | 661 | |
Mexico | 51.9 | $9,000 | 52 | 103 | 1,972,550 sq km 759,473 sq m |
13% | 402 | |
Venezuela | 48.8 | $6,100 | 26 | 24 | 912,050 sq km 351,158 sq m |
3% | 877 | |
Argentina | 45.0 * | $12,000 | 14 | 38 | 2,766,890 sq km 1,065,310 sq m |
9% | 153 | |
USA | 40.8 | $36,300 | 27 | 290 |
9,363,130
km 3,605,000 sq m |
19% | 146 | |
Russia | 39.9 | $8,300 | 9 | 145 | 17,075,200 sq km 6,574,307 sq m |
8% | 106 | |
UK | 36.1 | $24,700 | 238 | 58 | 244,755
sq km 94,230 sq m |
26% | 911 | |
Switzerland | 33.1 | $31,100 | 170 | 7 | 41,290 sq km 15,898 sq m |
10% | 1695 | |
France | 32.7 | $25,400 | 106 | 58 | 547,030 sq km 210,618 sq m |
33% | 321 | |
Canada | 32.0 | $29,400 | 4 | 31.9 | 9,220,970 sq km | 4.94% | 70 | |
Sweden | 25.0 | $24,700 | 20 | 9 | 449,964 sq km |
7% | 286 | |
Japan | 24.9 | $27,200 | 339 | 125 | 369,000
sq km 152,334 sq m |
12% | 2823 |
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Denmark | 24.7 | $28,000 | 116 | 5 | 43,094 sq km 16,592 sq m |
56% | 207 | |
China | 40 | $4,300 | 138 | 1284 | 9,326,410 sq km | 13.31% | 1034 | |
Russia | 39.9 | $8,300 | 9 | 145 | 16,995,800 sq km | 7.46% | 114 | |
India | 37.8 | $2,500 | 318 | 1,045 | 3,287,590 sq km | 54.35% | 585 | |
Iraq | 60 ** | $2,400 | 56 | 24.7 | 437,072 sq km | 11.89% | 475 | |
country | Gini value | GDP per capita (PPP) | population density (per sq km) | population (in millions) |
land area | percentage agriculturally useful land |
pop. density per sq km ag. land | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | ||
* estimate from World Bank data. ** Approximate only, the most recent figure available dates from 1956. |
Data source for table: CIA Factbook | |||||||
Be aware that much of some countries is mountainous, or otherwise difficult, by virtue of swamps, deserts, cold etc. | ||||||||
Definition: For the column, agricultural useful land , I have taken the CIA definition for arable land, that is, land cultivated for crops that are replanted after each harvest like wheat, maize, and rice. The CIA separately defines permanent cropland as land cultivated for crops that are not replanted after each harvest like citrus, coffee, and rubber; includes land under flowering shrubs, fruit trees, nut trees, and vines, but excludes land under trees grown for wood or timber. I have done this because my intention is to have some approximation for the potential food self-sufficiency of the various countries listed. In third-world countries, a great deal of the category defined as permanent crops is production for export and for foreign exchange. Generally, the profits end up in the bank accounts of local agent kleptocracies and their Western corporate paymasters; and, of course, the cheap, luxury items are sold in advanced countries, to the detriment of the local poor. My concern, at this point, is not any moral judgement as to whether this is good, bad or neutral (in the present state of the world, my inclination is to regard it as the way of the world and fairly neutral). However, I bring this to your attention in order that you may think clearly about these matters for yourself. You might, for example, decide that you would rather seek out, and add in, the permanent crop figures; or again, you might imagine that increased land could be brought under cultivation by the application of ever-advancing, agricultural technology. You might think that trading crops for Western technology might, in the longer run, raise the general standard of life in backward countries. You might wonder about the strategic importance of food security, especially for some Western countries. Not one of these is an easy, or settled, question. It has been said that trade is like
a magic wand, capable of transforming food |
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As usual, keep in mind that such figures can only be approximations. |
Electricity usage and derivation |
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country | energy usage in big power station
(1 GW) equivalents [GWeq] |
** energy inputs to produce electricity in big
power station
(1 GW) equivalents [GWeq] |
produced electricity, and as %age of total energy use | electricity from | ||||
1 fossil |
2 hydro |
3 nuclear |
4 wind |
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USA | 3065 | 430.4 [14%] |
316.8 [73.6%] |
25.1 [5.7%] |
87.8 [20.4%] |
1.42 [0.3%] |
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Germany | 459.2 | 164.8 | 60.75 14%] |
36.6 [60.3%] |
3.0 [4.9%] |
18.53 [30.5%] |
2.6 [4.3%] |
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UK | 306.9 | 41.6 [13.6%] |
31.2 [75.1%] |
0.8 [1.9%] |
9.4 [22.6%] |
0.16 [0.4%] |
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France | 351.2 | 115 | 59.4 [16.9%] |
4.2 [7.0%] |
9.4 [15.8%] |
45.8 [77.1%] |
0.08 [0.1%] |
|
Japan | 704.8 | 107.0 [15.2%] |
55.7 [52.1%] |
14.6 [13.6%] |
36.7 [34.3%] |
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Spain | 184.4 | 24.3 [13.2%] |
[x%] |
[x%] |
7.0 [28.8%] |
1.0 [0.24%] |
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Brazil | 237.8 | 37.2 [15.6%] |
[x%] |
[x%] |
1.6 [4.3%] |
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Russia | 880.9 | 92.9 [10.5%] |
65 [70.0%] |
20.7 [22.3%] |
14.3 [15.4%] |
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China | 1150 | 172.7 [15%] |
100.4 [58.12%] |
70 [40.5%] |
1.9 [1.1%] |
0.11 [0.19%] |
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India | 431.1 | [x%] |
95.7 [94.6%] |
16.1 [15.9%] |
4.4 [4.3%] |
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Denmark | 25.9 | [x%] |
[x%] |
* | - | 2.4 [x%] |
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1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
Data source, columns 5, 6, 7: BP
Statistical Review. Col 8: various. subsidary sources: http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/nshare.htm |
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**It is easy to confuse the figures in columns 2, 3 and 4. Much electricity generation is done using fossil fuels. Fossil fuel electricity generation is about 38% efficient, and electricity is the end-use form of power used by consumers. Column 2 represents the total input-energy usage by a country. For every unit of fossil fuel, or other energy source, that is consumed by a country in electrical generation, only 38% of that unit will end up as usable end-user energy. When referring to alternative energy, the inputs are notional and based upon this 38% efficiency figure. In other words, for example, a given quantity of electricity produced by nuclear power generation will be deemed to have taken the same amount of fossil fuel energy as if it had been generated using fossil fuels. The figure of 38% is a crude average, as used by BP. While similar efficiency losses will be involved in non-fossil fuel electricity generation, these losses may not show up clearly, as only the end-use electrical energy will appear in the relevant columns. In column 4, the percentage is the delivered end-user energy, as a percentage of column 2 (the energy input to the country). It can also be read as the degree of electrification of that country.
The percentages in the remaining columns relate to the relative amounts of electricity generated by various means in a country. The percentages in the left part of the table have no bearing on the percentages in the right part of the table. [solar reflection difficulties http://denbeste.nu/cd_log_entries/2002/07/Carbonemissions.shtml] Sustainable
Transport tide
power again |
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World coal resources (at end 2001) |
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country | proved
reserves of coal in million tonnes/ [million tonnes oil equiv.] |
production | |||||
Anthracite and bituminous | Lignite and brown (sub-bituminous) | Total coal reserves | %age of world proved coal reserves | in million tonnes oil equivalent | %age of country's coal reserves in 2001 | years before reserves exausted | |
The World | 519,062 [346,041] |
465,391 [132,969] |
984,453 [479,010] |
100.0% | 2,248.3 | 0.47% | 213 |
USA | 115,891 [77,260] |
134,103 [38,315] |
249,994 [115,575] |
25.4% | 590.7 | 0.51% | 246 |
Russia | 49,088 [32,725] |
107,922 [30,835] |
157,010 [63,560] |
15.9% | 120.8 | 0.19% | 500 + |
China | 62,200 [4,167] |
52,300 [14,943] |
114,500 [19,110] |
11.6% | 548.5 | 2.87% | 105 |
India | 82,396 [84,264] |
2,000 [571] |
84,396 [84,834] |
8.6% | 161.1 | 0.19% | 246 |
Australia | 42,550 [28,366] |
39,540 [11,297] |
82,090 [39,663] |
8.3% | 168.1 | 0.42% | 260 |
Germany | 23,000 [1,533] |
43,000 [12,286] |
66,000 [13,819] |
6.7% | 54.2 | 0.39% | 326 |
South Africa | 49,520 [33,013] |
0 | 49,520 [33,013] |
5.0% | 126.7 | 0.38% | 220 |
Ukraine | 16,274 [10,849] |
17,879 [531] |
34,153 [11,380] |
3.5% | 43.6 | 0.38% | 407 |
Poland | 20,300 [13,533] |
1,860 [531] |
22,160 [14,084] |
2.3% | 72.4 | 0.51% | 136 |
UK | 1,000 [667] |
500 [143] |
1,500 [810] |
1.2% | 19.6 | 2.42% | 47 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
Data source, columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7: BP Statistical Review 1 tonne oil = 1.5 tonnes hard coal / 3.5 tonnes lignite There are claims from the coal industry that it is possible to use coal such that there is lower resulting pollution. |
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World oil resources (at the end of 2004) |
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country | known reserves | extraction | ||||
in billion barrels (000 million) |
%age of world reserves | in 000 barrels daily |
%age world extraction (rank) | %age of country's reserves in 2001 | years before reserves exausted | |
The World | 1050.0 | 100.0% | 74,493 | 100% | 2.59% | 39 years |
Saudi Arabia | 261.8 | 24.9% | 8,768 | 11.77% (1) | 1.22% | 82 years |
Iraq | 112.5 | 10.7% | 2,414 | 3.24% (11) | 0.78% | 128 years |
Kuwait | 96.5 | 9.2% | 2,142 | 2.88% (12) | 0.81% | 123 years |
Iran | 87.9 | 8.5% | 3,688 | 4.95% (4) | 1.53% |
65 years |
United Arab Emirates | 97.8 | 9.3% | 2,422 | 3.25% (10) | 0.90% |
111 years |
Russian Federation | 48.6 | 4.6% | 7,056 | 9.47% (3) | 5.30% | 19 years |
Venuzuela | 77.7 | 7.4% | 3,418 | 4.59% (6) | 1.61% | 62 years |
China | 24.0 | 2.3% | 3,308 | 4.44% (8) | 5.03% | 19.9 yrs |
Libya | 29.5 | 2.8% | 1,425 | 1.91% (15) | 1.76% | 56.8 yrs |
Mexico | 26.9 | 2.6% | 3,560 | 4.78% (5) | 4.83% | 20.7 yrs |
Nigeria | 24.0 | 2.3% | 2,148 | 2.88% (13) | 3.27% | 30.6 yrs |
USA | 30.4 | 2.9% | 7,717 | 10.36% (2) | 9.27% | 10.8 yrs |
Norway | 9.4 | 0.9% | 3,414 | 4.58% (7) | 13.3% | 7.5 years |
Algeria | 9.2 | 0.9% | 1,563 | 2.01% (14) | 6.2% | 16.1 yrs |
UK | 4.9 | 0.5% | 2,503 | 3.49% (9) | 18.6% | 5.4 years |
Data source: world oil reserves and oil-based fuel development |
1 quad = 1015 Btu = 2.931 x 1011 kilowatthours (293,100,000,000 kwh) = one years continuous output from 33.46 big power stations.
USA uses about 97 quads of power, the world uses about 410 quads of power as a whole [as at 2001].
Current and projected US gross annual energy supply from various renewable energy technologies, based on the thermal equivalent and required land area. [Table 3] | ||||||
Energy technology | Current (2000) | Projected (2050) | ||||
kWh x 109 | Quads | Million hectares |
kWh x 109 | Quads | Million hectares |
|
Biomass | 1047.6 | 3.600a | 75b | 1455.0 | 5 | 102b |
Hydroelectric power | 1134.9 | 3.900a | 26c | 1455.0 | 5 | 33 |
Geothermal energy | 87.3 | 0.300a | 0.400 | 349.2 | 1.2 | 1 |
Solar thermal | < 11.6 | < 0.040 | < 0.010 | 291.0 | 10 | 11 |
Photovoltaics | < 11.6 | < 0.040 | < 0.010 | 3201.0 | 11 | 3 |
Wind power | 11.6 | 0.040a | 0.500 | 2037.0 | 7 | 8 |
Biogas | < 0.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 145.5 | 0.5 | 0.01 |
Passive solar power | 87.5 | 0.300d | 0 | 1746.0 | 6 | 1 |
Totals | 2392.2 | 8.221 | 101.921 | 10,679.7 | 45.7 | 159.01 |
Source: related material |
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email email_abelard [at] abelard.org © abelard, 2003, 7 february the address for this document is https://www.abelard.org/briefings/tables.htm ... words |
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