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new:
Cestas
aire - a stop on the Wild West, Bordeaux to the Spanish
border - the N10 and A63

Germans
in France - St. Quentin cathedral Germans
in France 
Reims
cathedral
Cambrai
cathedral 
Soissons
cathedral
Arras
cathedral 
Gustave
Eiffel’s first work: the Eiffel passerelle, Bordeaux

a
dream unfulfilled - the transporter bridge [pont transbordeur],
Bordeaux 
a
fifth bridge coming to Bordeaux: pont Bacalan-Bastide,
a new vertical lift bridge 
the
6th bridge at Rouen: Pont Gustave Flaubert,
new vertical lift bridge
Ile
de France, Paris: in the context of Abelard and of French
cathedrals 
France’s
western isles: Ile de Ré
France’s
western iles: Ile d’Oleron
on
first arriving in France - driving
France
is not England

Marianne
- a French national symbol, with French definitive stamps
the
calendar of the French Revolution
la
belle époque 
Grand
Palais, Paris


Pic
du Midi - observing stars clearly, A64 
Carcassonne,
A61: world heritage fortified city 
Futuroscope
Vulcania
Space
City, Toulouse
the
French umbrella & Aurillac
50
years old:
Citroën DS
the
Citroën 2CV:
a
French motoring icon
the
forest as seen by francois mauriac, and today 
places
and playtime 
roundabout
art of Les Landes
le pique-nique
Hermès
scarves

bastide
towns
mardi
gras! carnival in Basque country
what a hair
cut! m & french pop/rock
country
life in France: the poultry fair

short
biography of Pierre (Peter) Abelard |
- The Hoover Dam,
when it opened in 1935, included a scenic route to cross
from one side of the dam to the other, from Nevada to
Arizona or visa versa, by a road along the top of the
dam.
Over
the decades, this narrow, two-lane road and its hairpin
approach roads has become a bottleneck and safety hazard,
so a solution had to be found. This has resulted in another
spectacular construction project, the dam itself being
the first.
Officially titled the Mike O’Callaghan-Pat Tilman
Memorial Bridge, this bridge is also known as the Hoover
Dam Bypass, or the Colorado River Bridge. Regarding the
other proposed name for this bridge, Mike O’Callagan
was an Army veteran and the 23rd Governor of Nevada, while
Pat Tillman was a former NFL player and Army veteran.
constructing
the hoover dam bridge
Under
construction, the twin concrete arch sections being supported
by cable stays.
Photo:
hooverdambypass.org

The twin-rib arches almost completed,
but still supported by cable stays.
Photo: FHWA/CFLHD
Although the roadbed of this bridge will be supported
by a twin-rib arch, it started life as a cable-stayed
suspension bridge - the concrete sections of the bridge
being supported by cable stays from temporary pylons until
the twin-rib arch was completed and self-supporting.

The supporting stays removed and
the supports for the roadbad being added.
Photo: FHWA/CFLHD

The new Hoover Dam bridge, or Mike
O’'Callaghan-Pat Tilman Memorial Bridge, in July
2010. Photo: Hoover
Dam Bypass Project

artist’s impression of the
completed bridge. Image: Nevada Dept of Transportation
structural
statistics and other interesting facts
-
- bridge type: composite concrete deck arch bridge
- arch: concrete in compression, placed using a
form traveler system
upper structure: steel
twin arch ribs connected by steel struts
- height above Colorado river: 890 ft/271 m
- total length: 1,900 ft/579 m
- arch span: 1,060 ft/323 m
- bridge arch rise: 277 ft/84.5 m
-
- twin-rib arch:
- •106 pieces—53 per arch—mostly
cast-in-place 24 ft/7.3 m at a time, using a temporary
form traveler system
- • last section placed in position on 10
August 2009
• stay removal completed on 27 August 2009,
the arch then being self-supporting
- length of Hoover Dam Bypass: 3.5 miles
- road : four lanes
- roadbed support: eight vertical steel piers supporting
thirty six, 50-ton steel girders
- estimated traffic load: 17,000 trucks and cars daily
- location relative to the Hoover Dam: approx; 1,500
feet south
- consruction started: 2005
- predicted opening date: September 2010
- bypass open for traffic: November 2010
- cost: $240 million
- master design: HDR Engineering, Inc.
- bridgedesign: T. Y. Lin International
- approach design: Sverdrup Civil, Inc
- There is no toll for this new bypass road and bridge
other amazing bridges:
Highest,
longest : the Viaduct de Millau
the
6th bridge at Rouen: Pont Gustave Flaubert, new vertical
lift bridge
Pont Bacalan-Bastide Bordeaux, a new vertical lift bridge
Gustave
Eiffel’s first work: the Eiffel passerelle, Bordeaux
transborder
bridges around the world
end
notes
- The Hoover Dam holds back water
in Lake Mead. The lake is is 110 miles long and took
six years to fill.
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